To be prepared, NATO continuously gathers, shares and assesses information in order to detect and attribute any ongoing hybrid activity. Recognizing Russia would stand little chance of winning a protracted conventional conflict with NATO, Moscow seeks instead to pursue its interests without overt use of military power if possible. Trump wants NATO to be more involved in the Middle East. There is no official definition of hybrid warfare by NATO; however, it has defined hybrid warfare in its public pronouncements as warfare . "It starts with investment in both our conventional forces which are so important to effect deterrence and in those new capabilities needed to address the challenges that lay ahead,"he said. (I analyzed this idea in more depth here.). While neither the European Union (EU) nor the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation ( NATO) appear to have a clear definition of this term, both organisations are taking steps to ‘counter Hybrid warfare occupies the uncomfortable middle ground between conventional and unconventional warfare, mixing elements of both in the process. McCuen sees hybrid warfare as using a variety of tools to persuade the domestic population of a targeted state. 3 Part of the conceptual confusion stems from the fact that there is no standard, commonly-accepted definition of hybrid warfare. To this end, NATO forces have to be able to react in a quick and agile way, whenever and wherever needed. What does hybrid warfare mean? WWE star tells how Marine Corps service helped her succeed, Money Minute: Student loan repayment and consolidation, Money Minute: Sending cash by mobile apps — convenient, but be careful, https://www.defensenews.com © 2021 Sightline Media Group, NATO’s London meetings are off to a rocky start, The top stories to follow in 2021 - Defense News Weekly, 1.4.21. Let us be quite clear about that. One of As we shall soon discover, Hybrid Warfare (HW) has much older origins than would first be assumed. In modern hybrid warfare, the success results for the initiating actor fall to 40% with two ongoing stalemates, but the initiator has less that a coin toss of a chance for a decisive early victory. London Declaration. Meaning of hybrid warfare. While there is still no unanimously agreed-upon definition of ‘Hybrid Warfare’, the MC considered using the terminology shown in Figure 1. The Alliance supports Allies’ efforts to identify national vulnerabilities and strengthen their own resilience, if requested. (I analyzed this idea in more depth here.). It was inaugurated in October 2017 by NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg, together with European Union High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy/Vice-President of the European Commission Federica Mogherini. Rather than develop strategies based on ‘hybrid’ challenges (an elusive and catch-all term), I … Introduction Iranian and Russian versions of “hybrid” or “non-linear” warfare in Iraq and eastern Ukraine have had much in common. "(5) Both of these definitions align with Frank Hoffman's vision of hybrid warfare, which is also the most predominantly accepted military What is new about attacks seen in recent years is their speed, scale and intensity, facilitated by rapid technological change and global interconnectivity. That may take some convincing. Hybrid war strategies are always underway, although at certain moments they may become more acute and intense or cross over into conventional combat operations. By: Andrew Chuter December 3, 2019 . Venues for future: proposed measures for improving the ability of states to face hybrid warfare 17 6. Hybrid warfare — also known as grey zone conflict or low-intensity conflict — is a reality, and the U.S. military must be ready to confront and deter it, a senior intelligence officer said. the NATO Capstone Concept characterizes hybrid threats as "those posed by adversar-ies, with the ability to simultaneously employ conventional and non-conventional means adaptively in pursuit of their objectives. ... #Communication, #intelligence, #NATO, The link was added 14 September 2020. the NATO Capstone Concept characterizes hybrid threats as "those posed by adversar-ies, with the ability to simultaneously employ conventional and non-conventional means adaptively in pursuit of their objectives. “Maintain technological edge is the only way we can avoid obsolescence,” he warned. The reality of hybrid war is ever-changing intensity of conflict. NATO and EU discuss defence against hybrid warfare. Besides, the definitions of some terms that are widely associated with hybrid warfare are provided. In the last decade, some of the most important military forces and coalitions in the world, including the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), have attempted to address and counter so-called hybrid threats. If the new threat is so complex, political, and subtle, shouldn’t the response be the same? Over the last few years, “hybrid warfare” has become firmly established in the Western security lexicon. ‘hybrid warfare’ and ‘hybrid threats’ to provide further clarity. A nonlinear war is fought when a state employs conventional and irregular military forces in conjunction with psychological, economic, political, and cyber assaults. Hybrid warfare. NATO is prepared to assist any Ally against hybrid threats as part of collective defence. On 1 December 2015, NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg and then European Union High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, Federica Mogherini, announced the launching of a new hybrid warfare program and a new NATO hybrid warfare strategy. If deterrence should fail, NATO stands ready to defend any Ally against any threat. © REUTERS. Hybrid warfare often exists in a gray area between war and peace, ... NATO’s eastern flank by targeting ethnic Russian minorities. Sweden’s defense minister on relations with America, Russian threats and the European Union. (i.e. "(5) Both of these definitions align with Frank Hoffman's vision of hybrid warfare, which is also the most predominantly accepted military The concept features prominently in NATO and EU policy instruments and has informed the United States’ National Security Strategy adopted in December 2017. Hybrid threats are dealt with more prominently in the Warsaw Summit Communiqué than in the Wales Summit Declaration, and they are now directly linked to cyber threats (paras 71, 72 and 135). Being prepared to prevent, counter and respond to hybrid attacks, whether by state or non-state actors, is a top priority for NATO. Will either work? NATO and the European Union (EU) are working on strategies to strengthen defensive capabilities and prevent hybrid attacks. When Dr Andrew Mumford published Proxy Warfare in 2013, one reviewer called it “an important contribution to our understanding of war” (Professor James Wirtz, the Dean of the US Naval Postgraduate School). “One of the things about hybrid war is defining it. Since 2015, NATO has had a strategy on its role in countering hybrid warfare. The hybrid warfare is an unstructured form of war, used by States, In the words of one NATO/ACT official, the task is to “paint the face on the faceless enemy”3 and to develop the hybrid threat concept, as well as examine viable and effective strategies to meet hybrid threats. Hybrid warfare occupies the uncomfortable middle ground between conventional and unconventional warfare, mixing elements of both in the process. The West’s preoccupation with the Gerasimov doctrine and Russia’s hybrid warfare also obscures the role of Russia’s military power in its foreign and national security policies. Hybrid wars are, broadly defined, conflicts involving one or more nonstate actors that nevertheless possess the attributes of a state’s military. Hybrid warfare is the effort to achieve strategic objectives without using significant force, the general said. Potential of hybrid warfare 15 5. “Future Warfare: The Rise of Hybrid Wars.” By defencematters; 06 February 2016; 10:58; Over the past two years, NATO has been focused on hybrid warfare. The term hybrid warfare has no consistent definition but generally refers to deniable and covert actions, supported by the threat or use of conventional and/or nuclear forces, to … ... What distinguishes this definition of hybrid warfare from those discussed earlier is the emphasis on non-military methods of conflict and, in particular, 72), Euro-Atlantic Disaster Response Coordination Centre (EADRCC), NATO Public Diplomacy Division’s Co-Sponsorship Grants. To deter hybrid threats, NATO is resolved to act promptly, whenever and wherever necessary. Russia’s Hybrid War in Ukraine: Breaking the Enemy’s Ability to Resist The Finnish Institute of International Affairs, FIIA report (16 June 2015) NATO and New Ways of Warfare: Defeating Hybrid … The advent of cyber warfare, hybrid warfare, the militarisation of space and the use of artificial intelligence are examples that necessitate that we transform policies, strategies, concepts, doctrine, procedures as well as capabilities and human capital to meet current and future challenges. Hybrid methods of warfare, such as propaganda, deception, sabotage and other non-military tactics have long been used to destabilise adversaries. 23 If properly used, these terms should provide consistency and help prevent misunderstanding. Thus, the purpose of this article is to contribute to the understanding the hybrid warfare by developing a perceptional map, which will, if possible, pave the way to new theories by creating taxonomy as a result of Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) analysis. The Joint Intelligence and Security Division at NATO Headquarters improves the Alliance’s understanding and analysis of hybrid threats. One possible definition of hybrid warfare proposed by NATO is war where the objective is achieved by integrating military, paramilitary and civilian measures, trying to influence policymakers and decision-makers. What keeps Britain’s defense secretary up at night? The hybrid analysis branch provides decision-makers with improved awareness on possible hybrid threats. Address: 11b Kalnciema str. Proxy warfare refers to when states influence conflicts without placing their own forces on the ground. The main objective of the analysis is the study of NATO, The North Atlantic Treaty Organization, in its approach to hybrid warfare, as defined by Frank G. Hoffman in “Hybrid Warfare and Challenges”. Hard power underpins hybrid warfare. The speed, scale and intensity of hybrid threats have increased in recent years. It uses a blend of military, economic, diplomatic, criminal, and informational means to achieve desired political goals. Other Centres of Excellence contribute to NATO’s efforts to counter hybrid threats, including the Strategic Communications Centre of Excellence in Riga, Latvia; the Cooperative Cyber Defence Centre of Excellence in Tallinn, Estonia; and the Energy Security Centre of Excellence in Vilnius, Lithuania. Hybrid Warfare is Under the Threshold of Article 5 . Much is made these days of the new challenge to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) from “hybrid warfare” — the kind of blended military-political-intelligence-economic operations Russia has launched in Ukraine. 3 Countering hybrid warfare Executive summary The international consensus on ‘hybrid warfare’ is clear: no one understands it, but everyone, including NATO and the European Union, agrees it is a problem. The terms hybrid warfare, new generation warfare and grey zone are often used interchangeably to describe the Russian operational approach towards the post-Soviet states or former Soviet republics. Hybrid warfare can be used to describe the flexible and complex dynamics of the battlespace requiring a highly adaptable and resilient respo The definition encompasses the key elements of hybrid warfare: conventional and non-conventional, blurring of domains and involving elements previously allocated to the unlawful domain. Ukraine sees two paths for joining NATO. The Warsaw Summit took place almost two years after the Wales Summit, at which NATO recognised that international law applies to cyberspace and that cyber defence is part of NATO’s core task of collective defence. Hybrid Warfare as a Strategy. Hybrid Warfare : Fighting Complex Opponents from the Ancient World to the Present by Murray, Williamson & Mansoor, Peter R. There is no fixed definition of hybrid warfare, but it includes elements of cyber and information warfare, economic and political manipulation, and kinetic military action. (Eds.) to NATO Allied Command Transformation (ACT). hybrid warfare and determines the definition to be used throughout this study. It also actively counters propaganda – not with more propaganda, but with facts – online, on air and in print. Amicus Curiae "When leaders meet tomorrow they will agree a plan for NATO's response to emerging and disruptive technology, recognising two new operational domains in space and cyber, and develop plans to confront and deter hybrid tactics," Wallace told an international audience of defense analysts and policymakers. British military doctrine, in contrast, follows Huber’s definition, and captures hybrid warfare as an aspect of irregu - lar warfare. . Phone: +371 26533953. e-mail: info [at] stratcomcoe [dot] org It continues to increase the readiness and preparedness of its forces, and has strengthened its decision-making process and its command structure as part of its deterrence and defence posture. This includes exercising of decision–making processes and joint military and non-military responses in cooperation with other actors. Hybrid wars are, broadly defined, conflicts involving one or more nonstate actors that nevertheless possess the attributes of a state’s military. Inauguration of Hybrid CoE with NATO Secretary General and EUHR Mogherini - Q&A, NATO Secretary General press point at inauguration of Hybrid CoE, Inauguration of the European Centre of Excellence for Countering Hybrid Threats, NATO Deputy Secretary General on countering hybrid threats, 15 FEB 2018, 1/2, Statement on the implementation of the Joint Declaration signed by the President of the European Council, the President of the European Commission, and the Secretary General of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, 2018 Brussels Summit Declaration (para. In the past several years there has been a noticeable increase in the range and intensity of Russian hybrid warfare attacks. NATO is strengthening its coordination with partners, including the European Union, in efforts to counter hybrid threats. The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) alliance currently faces not only a conventional threat from Russia, but also a more insidious threat—that of hybrid warfare. NATO has a strategy on its role in countering hybrid warfare and stands ready to … Hybrid warfare has become a term for modern warfare or for the next war. The Centre is an initiative of the Government of Finland, supported by 23 other nations, as well as NATO and the EU. Countering hybrid threats is a priority for EU-NATO cooperation and the new European Centre of Excellence for Countering Hybrid Threats in Helsinki plays a unique role. However, hybrid warfare as a term itself is a poor descriptor. NATO continues to strengthen its cooperation and coordination with such partners as Finland, Sweden, Ukraine and the European Union (EU) to counter hybrid threats and enhance resilience. National Security Advisers meet at NATO Headquarters, NATO Deputy Secretary General to speak on Countering Hybrid Threats, Secretary General participates in Hybrid Centre of Excellence inauguration with Finnish leaders and EU High Representative, Remarks by NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg at the Inauguration of the Helsinki Centre of Excellence for Countering Hybrid Threats, with EU High Representative Federica Mogherini. Definition of hybrid warfare in the Definitions.net dictionary. where a wide range of overt and covert military, “We must be on the hunt for the next great geopolitical disrupters like climate change, or the next technological advancement that changes the game completely,” he said. BACHMANN, Hybrid Threats, cyber warfare and NATO’s comprehensive approach for countering 21st century threats: mapping the new frontier of global risk and security management. Increasing resilience of the Czech Republic to hybrid threats 24 Miroslav Mareš 1. The period of the Vietnam War from 1962 to 1968 would fit the definition of hybrid war until the Tet Offensive in 1968 when the Viet Cong ceased to exist as a serious military threat. McCuen sees hybrid warfare as using a variety of tools to persuade the domestic population of a targeted state. State of art on hybrid warfare in Czech academic cycles 14 4. It is an amorphous definition for an amorphous strategy. NATO also serves as a hub for expertise, providing support to Allies in areas such as civil preparedness and chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear (CBRN) incident response; critical infrastructure protection; strategic communications; protection of civilians; cyber defence; energy security; and counter-terrorism. British military doctrine, in contrast, follows Huber’s definition, and captures hybrid warfare as an aspect of irregu - lar warfare. Hybrid warfare has been in the limelight for more than a decade within the Western strategic discourse. If the new threat is so complex, political, and subtle, shouldn’t the response be the same? ple, defines hybrid warfare as conflict involving a combination of conventional military forces and irregulars (guerrillas, insurgents, and terrorists), which could include both state and non-state actors, aimed at achieving a common political purpose. It risks creating the impression that hybrid tactics can exist separately from Russia’s military capabilities. Riga, LV1048, Latvia. Axel Hagelstam of the Finnish Mission to NATO and Kirsti Narinen of the Centre explain. Hybrid CoE Hybrid CoE is an independent, network-based international organisation countering hybrid threats. The Alliance has developed a strategy on its role in countering hybrid warfare to help address these threats. Emerging technologies like hypersonic missiles and quantum computing are changing the threat landscape, the defense secretary said, urging that NATO must to understand the challenges and adapt accordingly. ‘Hybrid warfare’, sometimes known as ‘hybrid threats’, became a trendy buzzword in recent years, used to describe a panoply of seemingly different threats. The concept features prominently in NATO and EU policy instruments and has informed the United States’ National Security Strategy adopted in December 2017. Key Characteristics of Russian Hybrid Warfare Russian hybrid warfare has at least three main characteristics. B. NATO’ S . Hybrid warfare is a term that sought to capture the blurring and blending of previously separate categories of conflict. Wallace stayed away from responding to French President Emmanuel Macrons controversial view that the alliance was “brain dead," but he, like others in NATO, accept the need for continuing change. 2. 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